Origin of sulphate in the unsaturated zone and groundwater of a loess aquifer     

Yin Long  Tianming Huang  Fen Zhang  Zhenbin Li  Baoqiang Ma  Yiman Li  Zhonghe Pang 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14166

The use of the sulphate mass balance (SMB) between precipitation and soil water as a supplementary method to estimate the diffuse recharge rate assumes that the sulphate in soil water originated entirely from atmospheric deposition; however, the origin of sulphate in soil and groundwater is often unclear, especially in loess aquifers. This study analysed the sulphur (δ³⁴S-SO₄) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O-SO₄) isotopes of sulphate in precipitation, water-extractable soil water, and shallow groundwater samples and used these data along with hydrochemical data to determine the sources of sulphate in the thick unsaturated zone and groundwater of a loess aquifer. The results suggest that sulphate in groundwater mainly originated from old precipitation. When precipitation percolates through the unsaturated zone to recharge groundwater, sulphates were rarely dissolved due to the formation of CaCO₃ film on the surface of sulphate minerals. The water-extractable sulphate in the deep unsaturated zone (>10 m) was mainly derived from the dissolution of evaporite minerals and there was no oxidation of sulphide minerals during the extraction of soil water by elutriating soil samples with deionized water. The water-extractable concentration of SO₄ was not representative of the actual SO₄ concentration in mobile soil water. Therefore, the recharge rate cannot be estimated by the SMB method using the water-extractable concentration of SO₄ in the loess areas. This study is important for identifying sulphate sources and clarifying the proper method for estimating the recharge rate in loess aquifers.  相似文献   

First Multi‐Isotopic (Pb‐Nd‐Sr‐Zn‐Cu‐Fe) Characterisation of Dust Reference Materials (ATD and BCR‐723): A Multi‐Column Chromatographic Method Optimised to Trace Mineral and Anthropogenic Dust Sources     

Aubry Vanderstraeten  Steeve Bonneville  Stefania Gili  Jeroen de Jong  Wendy Debouge  Philippe Claeys  Nadine Mattielli 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(2):307-329

Atmospheric dust is an integral component of the Earth system with major implications for the climate, biosphere and public health. In this context, identifying and quantifying the provenance and the processes generating the various types of dust found in the atmosphere is paramount. Isotopic signatures of Pb, Nd, Sr, Zn, Cu and Fe are commonly used as sensitive geochemical tracers. However, their combined use is limited by the lack of (a) a dedicated chromatographic protocol to separate the six elements of interest for low‐mass samples and (b) specific reference materials for dust. Indeed, our work shows that USGS rock reference materials BHVO‐2, AGV‐2 and G‐2 are not applicable as substitute reference materials for dust. We characterised the isotopic signatures of these six elements in dust reference materials ATD and BCR‐723, representatives of natural and urban environments, respectively. To achieve this, we developed a specific procedure for dust, applicable in the 4–25 mg mass range, to separate the six elements using a multi‐column ion‐exchange chromatographic method and MC‐ICP‐MS measurements.  相似文献   

古太平洋板块俯冲-增生时限：饶河增生杂岩的地球化学和年代学制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩伟  周建波 《岩石学报》2020,36(3):703-725

饶河杂岩作为那丹哈达增生杂岩的主体,是古太平洋板块西向俯冲的直接证据。饶河增生杂岩组成与增生过程的研究对限定古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲与增生过程具有重要的指示意义。本文在野外地质调查和饶河大岱地区大比例尺填图基础上,明确了饶河杂岩主要由枕状玄武岩、辉长岩以及大洋板块沉积地层(OPS)组成,这些岩石均呈构造透镜体状分布在海沟沉积物中,并被中生代花岗质岩脉所穿切,因此为限定饶河增生杂岩的组成、增生和就位时代提供了关键制约。地球化学数据表明玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学属性。LA-ICPMS锆石测试结果表明该地区玄武岩和辉长岩的形成时代分别为166±2Ma和214±5Ma,限定了饶河杂岩中镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石的形成时代为晚三叠世至中侏罗世。结合该区粉砂质泥岩和砂岩的沉积时代下限分别为167±3Ma和133±4Ma,表明饶河杂岩的增生时代为167～133Ma,此外样品的碎屑年龄信息表明基质的物源为邻近的佳木斯地块和中亚造山带东段,其中前寒武的碎屑年龄在中国东北的多个陆块均有出现,可能源于早前存在的前寒武纪基底。本文测得侵入饶河杂岩的2个二长花岗岩形成年龄分别为126±1Ma和105±2Ma,表明饶河杂岩中的花岗岩脉主要形成于两个阶段,其中较老的花岗岩侵入体进一步限定了饶河杂岩的最终就位时代为133Ma至126Ma,表明古太平洋板块在中侏罗世至早白垩世存在西向俯冲-增生作用,为古太平洋板块的构造演化提供了重要的制约。  相似文献   

Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):843-853

The combination of U-Pb and Lu-Hf compositions measured in zircon crystals is a remarkably powerful isotopic couplet that provides measures on both the timing of mineral growth and the radiogenic enrichment of the source from which the zircon grew.The U-Pb age documents the timing of zircon crystallization/recrystallization and Hf isotopes inform on the degree to which the host melt was derived from a radiogenic reservoir(e.g.depleted mantle) versus an unradiogenic reservoir(e.g.ancient continental crust),or some mixture of these sources.The ease of generating large quantities of zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data has been in large part facilitated by instrument advances.However,the dramatic increase in time constrained zircon Lu-Hf analyses in the Earth science community has brought to the fore the importance of careful data collection and reduction workflows,onto which robust geological interpretations may be based.In this work,we discuss the fundamentals of Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon,which then allows us to provide a robust,accessible,methodology for the assessment of data quality.Additionally,we discuss some novel techniques for:data visualization—that facilitates better transparency of data interpretation;integration of geographic information—that may reveal spatial trends where temporal trends were only apparent before;and some novel statistical evaluation tools—that may provide more rigorous interand intra-sample comparisons.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary vegetation and climate dynamics in central-eastern Brazil: insights from a ~35k cal a bp peat record in the Cerrado biome     

Ingrid Horák-Terra  Antonio Martínez Cortizas  Cynthia Fernandes Pinto Da Luz  Alexandre Christófaro Silva  Tim Mighall  Plínio Barbosa De Camargo  Carlos Victor Mendonça-Filho  Paulo Eduardo De Oliveira  Francisco Willian Cruz  Pablo Vidal-Torrado 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(5):664-676

The late Quaternary evolution of central-eastern Brazil has been under-researched. Questions remain as to the origin of the Cerrado, a highly endangered biome, and other types of vegetation, such as the Capões – small vegetation islands of semi-deciduous and mountain forests. We investigated the factors that influenced the expansion and contraction of the Cerrado and Capões during the late Quaternary (last ~35 ka), using a multi-proxy approach: stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N), geochemistry, pollen and multivariate statistics derived from a peat core (Pinheiro mire, Serra do Espinhaço Meridional). Five major shifts in precipitation, temperature, vegetation and landscape stability occurred at different timescales. Our study revealed that changes in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) seem to have been coeval with these shifts: from the Late Glacial Maximum to mid-Holocene the SACZ remained near (~29.6 to ~16.5k cal a bp ) and over (~16.5 to ~6.1 k cal a bp ) the study area, providing humidity to the region. This challenges previous research which suggested that climate was drier for this time period. At present, the Capões are likely to be a remnant of a more humid climate; meanwhile, the Cerrado biome seems to have stablished in the late Holocene, after ~3.1 k cal a bp .  相似文献   

Late Holocene environmental changes reconstructed from stable isotope and geochemical records from a cushion‐plant peatland in the Chilean Central Andes (27°S)     

S. T. Kock  K. Schittek  B. Mchtle  H. Wissel  A. Maldonado  A. Lücke 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(2):153-164

  相似文献   

70年来中国化学海洋学研究的主要进展   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

宋金明  王启栋  张润  陈建芳  陈敏  徐忠胜 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):65-80

我国的海洋化学工作者通过70年来，特别是近30年来的化学海洋学研究，实现了我国与世界先进水平进入同步发展的快车道，其显著的特点是:(1)化学海洋学研究从元素地球化学分布系统转向了以揭示深层次海洋生物地球化学过程为核心的研究；(2)化学海洋学研究实现了多领域、多视点的综合交叉研究；(3)更加关注了人为影响与自然变化共同作用下的海洋生态环境变化研究，对近海和海岸带而言，更加注重从海陆统筹一体化角度探析化学物质的分布迁移特征。本文从生源要素的海洋生物地球化学过程、微/痕量元素与同位素的海洋化学研究、生物过程作用下的化学海洋学过程等角度，重点总结归纳和分析了30年来我国海洋化学研究的重要进展和发展状况，以期对化学海洋学的进一步研究提供借鉴和启迪。  相似文献   

四川米易海塔地区混合岩型铀矿流体包裹体特征     

郭锐  陈友良  刘凯鹏  郑玉文  胡漾 《矿物学报》2020,40(2):137-148

混合岩型铀矿是康滇地轴上最有希望取得找矿突破的铀矿类型,海塔地区的铀矿化即是该类型铀矿的典型代表。本文针对区内的长英质脉矿石、富晶质铀矿石英脉矿石和含矿热液石英脉中的石英流体包裹体进行了研究。结果表明,海塔地区混合岩型铀矿的成矿作用可分为2个阶段:早期混合岩化热液成矿阶段为高温、中低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在380~540℃,盐度变化范围为16.15%~23.18%NaCl eqv,是区内铀成矿的主要阶段;晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段为中低温、低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在140~220℃,盐度变化范围为5.56%~23.18%NaCleqv,是区内富铀矿的形成阶段。流体包裹体的气相成分测试表明,长英质脉矿石石英包裹体中以CH4、CO2为主,其次为H2O和N2;而富晶质铀矿石英脉及含矿热液石英脉石英包裹体中以H2为主,部分含有CO2、CH4、H2O。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期混合岩化成矿阶段的成矿流体可能为岩浆水与变质水的混合,而晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段成矿流体中可能有大气降水的加入。  相似文献   

A Revisited Purification of Li for ‘Na Breakthrough’ and its Isotopic Determination by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Lin Xu  Chongguang Luo  Hanjie Wen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):201-214

The accurate and precise determination of Li isotopic composition by MC‐ICP‐MS suffers from the poor performance of traditional column chromatography. Previously established chromatographic processes cannot completely remove Na in complex geological samples, which is currently interpreted to be a result of Na breakthrough. In this study, Na breakthrough during single‐column purification was found to differ between simply artificial Na‐containing sample solutions, where a little Na residue was found, and silicate rocks, where a large amount of breakthrough occurred. A revised two‐step column purification for Li using 0.5 and 0.3 mol l^?1 HCl as eluents was designed to remove the Na. This modified method achieves high‐efficiency Li purification from Na and consequently avoiding high Na/Li ratio interference for subsequent MC‐ICP‐MS analyses. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of a series of reference materials, including Li₂CO₃ (IRMM‐016, ‐0.10‰), basalt (BCR‐2: 2.68‰; BHVO‐2: 4.39‰), andesite (AGV‐2: 6.46‰; RGM‐2: 2.59‰), granodiorite (GSP‐2: ?0.87‰) and seawater (CASS‐5, 30.88‰). This work reports early Na appearance prior to the elution curves in chromatography and emphasises its influence for subsequent Li isotope measurement. Based on the findings, the established two‐step method would be more secure than single‐column chemistry for Li purification.  相似文献   

碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘博  陈琳琳  李宝泉  侯西勇  冯光海  李晓炜  李秉钧  王玉珏 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):74-82

近年来，稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而，生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分，在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一，以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物，比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示，对于大多数底栖动物而言，采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者，需分析其食性和营养级时，应统一采用肌肉组织，如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉，蟹类的鳌足肌肉，鱼类的背部肌肉；当底栖动物作为被摄食者，需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时，除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外，其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外），如贝类的软体部，蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。  相似文献